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FISCAL: Relating to government taxation, spending, or financial matters. The term is most often using in combination with other words, such as fiscal budget, fiscal year, or fiscal policy. In each case, the addition of the term "fiscal" means a connection with government financial matters. Fiscal policy, for example, is policy that makes use of government spending and taxation. Fiscal year is then the standard 12-month period government uses for collecting taxes, appropriating spending, and otherwise tabulating its budget.
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TAX EFFICIENCY Taxes, mandatory payments used to finance government operations, inherently disrupt the allocation of resources. This disruption might be good, correcting an otherwise inefficient allocation caused by pollution or market control. However, for an already efficiency allocation, a tax creates and inefficient wedge between the demand price and the supply price. This tax is generally paid partially by buyers and partially by sellers, which the tax incidence. Inefficiency arises because a tax reduces the total amount of consumer surplus and producer surplus, which is deadweight loss.
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Stealing A Few Moments For CRIMELike most consumers, workers, and taxpayers, I engage in market exchanges for a lot of stuff -- food, labor, shelter, entertainment, confectionery products. But as I wandered through the peaceful community of Shady Valley, U. S. of A., I entered a "market" that I would have rather avoided. That's right, as the title indicates, I exchange some crime. I was mugged -- relieved of several valuable possessions -- right in front of the Shady Valley police station. I did the selling and my mugger did the "buying." While my part in the exchange was involuntary, the mugger's part was quite voluntary. In fact, the perpetrator of this crime acted much like any consumer headed to Natural Ned's Nursery and Garden Center in search of a creeping juniper. Let's see why?
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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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"Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. " -- Albert Einstein, physicist
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WACM
Weak Axiom of Cost Minimization
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