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ACCOUNTING COST: The actual outlays or expenses incurred in production that shows up a firm's accounting statements or records. Accounting costs, while very important to accountants, company CEOs, shareholders, and the Internal Revenue Service, is only minimally important to economists. The reason is that economists are primarily interested in economic cost (also called opportunity cost). That fact is that accounting costs and economic costs aren't always the same. An opportunity or economic cost is the value of foregone production. Some economic costs, actually a lot of economic opportunity costs, never show up as accounting costs. Moreover, some accounting costs, while legal, bonified payments by a firm, are not associated with any sort of opportunity cost.
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AUTONOMOUS EXPENDITURES Expenditures on aggregate production by the four macroeconomic sectors that do not depend on income or production (especially national income or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income do not generate changes in these expenditures. Each of the four aggregate expenditures--consumption, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports--have an autonomous component. Autonomous expenditures are affected by the ceteris paribus aggregate expenditures determinants and are measured by the intercept term of the aggregate expenditures line. The alternative to autonomous expenditures are induced expenditures, expenditures which do depend on income.
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Borrowing Through The FINANCIAL MARKETSWe never know whom we might encounter on our leisurely stroll through the economy. Passing by the marble columns of Interstate OmniBank -- the beacon of safety and security -- we have the good fortune of crossing paths with our Ivy-League-educated pillar of the financial community -- Winston Smythe Kennsington III. Although he seems to be a touch condescending, he's kind enough to show us a freshly signed check for $37 gadzillion, which is but a small part of a multi-gadzillion dollar loan from the Interstate OmniBank. To what constructive purpose Winnie will put these funds remains unclear; how this loan will be repaid, he never says; but Winnie proudly reminds us several times that this loan once again proves his unchallenged standing as the majordomo of the financial markets.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for a downtown retail store seeking to buy either a case for your designer sunglasses or arch supports for your shoes. Be on the lookout for jovial bank tellers.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The standard "debt" notation I.O.U. does not mean "I owe you," but actually stands for "I owe unto..."
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"We succeed in enterprises (that) demand the positive qualities we possess, but we excel in those (that) can also make use of our defects. " -- Alexis de Tocqueville, statesman, author
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FILO
First In Last Out
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