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DIAMOND-WATER PARADOX: The perplexing observation that water, which is more useful than diamonds, has a lower price. If price is related to utility, how can this occur? This paradox was first proposed by classical economists in the 19th century and was subsequently used as a stepping stone for developing the notion of marginal utility and the role it plays in the demand price of a good. The paradox is magically cleared up with an understanding of marginal utility and total utility. People are willing to pay a higher price for goods with greater marginal utility. As such, water which is plentiful has enormous total utility, but a low price because of a low marginal utility. Diamonds, however, have less total utility because they are less plentiful, but a high price because of a high marginal utility.
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INTEREST-RATE EFFECT A change in aggregate expenditures on real production, especially those made by the household and business sectors, that results because a change in the price level alters the interest rate which then affects the cost of borrowing. This is one of three effects underlying the negative slope of the aggregate demand curve associated with a movement along the aggregate demand curve and a change in aggregate expenditures. The other two are real-balance effect and net-export effect.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for rummage sales hoping to buy either a 50-foot blue garden hose or a turbo-powered vacuum cleaner. Be on the lookout for celebrities who speak directly to you through your television.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination." -- Jimmy Dean
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AER
American Economic Review
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