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PRESENT VALUE: The amount of money today that, after interest is added, would have the same value as an amount some time in the future. For example, $100 today, given a 10 percent interest rate, would have a value of $110 in one year ($100 plus $10 in interest). Conversely, $110 in one year, given a 10 percent interest rate, would be equivalent to $100 today. The process of translating a future payment into its present value, such an amount to be received when a bond reaches its date of maturity, is often termed discounting.
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TAX EFFICIENCY Taxes, mandatory payments used to finance government operations, inherently disrupt the allocation of resources. This disruption might be good, correcting an otherwise inefficient allocation caused by pollution or market control. However, for an already efficiency allocation, a tax creates and inefficient wedge between the demand price and the supply price. This tax is generally paid partially by buyers and partially by sellers, which the tax incidence. Inefficiency arises because a tax reduces the total amount of consumer surplus and producer surplus, which is deadweight loss.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store seeking to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the first day of spring or a printer that works with your stockpile of ink cartridges. Be on the lookout for mail order catalogs with hidden messages.
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Helping spur the U.S. industrial revolution, Thomas Edison patented nearly 1300 inventions, 300 of which came out of his Menlo Park "invention factory" during a four-year period.
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"A stumble may prevent a fall. " -- Margaret Thatcher, British prime minister
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EMA
Econometrica
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