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APPRECIATION: A more or less permanent increase in value or price. "More or less permanent" doesn't include temporary, short-term jumps in price that are common in many markets. Appreciation is only those price increases that reflect greater consumer satisfaction and thus value. While all sorts of stuff can appreciate in value, some of the more common ones are real estate, works of art, corporate stock, and money. In particular, the appreciation of a nation's money is seen by an increase in the exchange rate caused by a growing, expanding, and healthy economy.
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DEADWEIGHT LOSS The decrease in the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus that results from the imposition of a tax. When a tax drives a wedge between demand price and supply price it disrupts what otherwise would be an efficient market equilibrium. Inefficiency arises because while a portion of the sum of consumer and producer surplus is merely transferred to government, a portion of this sum also disappears. The part that disappears is the deadweight loss and is an indicator of the inefficiency of the tax.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers seeking to buy either several magazines on computer software or a T-shirt commemorating the second moon landing. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it." -- Aristotle
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Y
Income, Nominal Gross National Product
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