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INDUCED CHANGE: A change in aggregate expenditures, especially consumption expenditures, that is "induced" or triggered by a change in national income or gross domestic product. Induced changes form the foundation for the multiplier effect, which is set in motion by autonomous changes in aggregate expenditures. In terms of Keynesian economics and the Keynesian cross diagram, induced changes are seen as a movement along in the aggregate expenditures line. This two step process, autonomous changes causing induced changes, is key to explaining business cycle fluctuations.
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AD VALOREM TAX A tax specified as a percentage of the price or value of a good, service, asset, or other activity. Ad valorem taxes tend to be broad based, imposed on activities such as income and retail sales. In fact, the two most important ad valorem taxes are income taxes and sales taxes. People pay a percentage of their incomes in income taxes or a percentage or the value of their purchases in sales taxes, regardless of the amount of time spent working or the quantities of goods purchases. An alternative is a per unit tax, with is a tax specified as a percentage of the physical quantity of a good.
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WHITE GULLIBON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store wanting to buy either a weathervane with a chicken on top or a flower arrangement with daisies and carnations for your uncle. Be on the lookout for neighborhood pets, especially belligerent parrots.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"Believe and act as if it were impossible to fail." -- Charles F. Kettering
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PIT
Personal Income Tax
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