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BUSINESS CYCLE: The recurring expansions and contractions of the national economy (usually measured by real gross domestic product). A complete cycle typically lasts from three to five years, but could last ten years or more. It is divided into four phases -- expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Unemployment inevitably rises during contractions and inflation tends to worsen during expansions. To avoid the inflation and unemployment problems of business cycles, the federal government frequently undertakes various fiscal and monetary policies.
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TAX EFFECTS The primary reason that governments collect taxes from members of society is to finance government operations and provide public goods. However, taxes also create disincentives to engage in the taxed activity, which causes a change in the allocation of resources. This two consequences of taxes are summarized in two essential tax effects -- the revenue effect and the allocation effect. While all taxes have both, the key to effective government is minimize the allocation effect if the goal is to generate revenue and to minimize the revenue effect if the goal is to change the allocation of resources.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials trying to buy either a wall poster commemorating the first day of winter or blue cotton balls. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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In the late 1800s and early 1900s, almost 2 million children were employed as factory workers.
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"A leader, once convinced that a particular course of action is the right one, must . . . be undaunted when the going gets tough." -- President Ronald Reagan
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ARMA
Autoregressive Moving Average
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