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MARGINAL-COST PRICING: A pricing scheme in which the price received by a firm is set equal to the marginal cost of production. This is not only the efficient outcome achieved by competitive markets, it is commonly used for comparison of other regulatory policies, such as average-cost pricing, that are used for public utilities (especially those that are natural monopolies). The bad thing about marginal-cost pricing for natural monopolies is that a normal profit is not guaranteed. The good thing about marginal-cost pricing is that marginal cost is equal to price, and the public utility is operating according to the price equals marginal cost (P = MC) rule of efficiency.
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TAX WEDGE The difference between demand price and supply price that is created when a tax is imposed on a market. Placing a tax on a market disrupts what otherwise would be an equilibrium equality between demand price and supply price. A tax wedge results because the tax is included in the demand price paid by buyers but not in the supply price received by sellers. With standard demand (negative slope) and supply (positive slope) curves, the incidence of the tax (who pays) is divided between buyers and sellers.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet looking to buy either a graduation present for your niece or nephew or a toaster oven that has convection cooking. Be on the lookout for deranged pelicans.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"The truth of the matter is that you always know the right thing to do. The hard part is doing it." -- Norman Schwarzkopf, US Army general
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BIS
Bank for International Settlements
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