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ABSTRACTION METHODS: Abstraction is the process of simplifying the complexities of the real world by ignoring (hopefully) unimportant details, especially (for our purposes) while doing economic analysis. Three common methods of actual, real world abstraction used in economic theories are words, graphs, and equations. Words can be misunderstood. Graphs are a little more precise. And equations tend to be the most precise of the three.
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ASSUMPTIONS, CLASSICAL ECONOMICS Classical economics, especially as directed toward macroeconomics, relies on three key assumptions--flexible prices, Say's law, and saving-investment equality. Flexible prices ensure that markets adjust to equilibrium and eliminate shortages and surpluses. Say's law states that supply creates its own demand and means that enough income is generated by production to purchase the resulting production. The saving-investment equality ensures that any income leaked from consumption into saving is replaced by an equal amount of investment. Although of questionable realism, these three assumptions imply that the economy would operate at full employment.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors seeking to buy either a dozen high trajectory optic orange golf balls or a large red and white striped beach towel. Be on the lookout for a thesaurus filled with typos.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"He who has begun has half done. Dare to be wise ‚ begin! " -- Horace, poet, satirist
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MSE
Mean Square Error
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