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COMPLEX EXPENDITURE MULTIPLIER: The ratio of the change in aggregate output (or gross domestic product) to an autonomous change in an aggregate expenditure (consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, or net exports) when all induced components are included in Keynesian analysis. This is the most comprehensive expenditure multiplier possible and includes not only the marginal propensity to consume/save, but also the marginal propensities for government purchases, investment, imports, and taxes. This should be compared with the simple expenditure multiplier that includes only induced consumption
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TAX EFFICIENCY Taxes, mandatory payments used to finance government operations, inherently disrupt the allocation of resources. This disruption might be good, correcting an otherwise inefficient allocation caused by pollution or market control. However, for an already efficiency allocation, a tax creates and inefficient wedge between the demand price and the supply price. This tax is generally paid partially by buyers and partially by sellers, which the tax incidence. Inefficiency arises because a tax reduces the total amount of consumer surplus and producer surplus, which is deadweight loss.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires." -- William Ward ‚ Texas Wesleyan University Administrator
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CFTC
Commodities and Futures Trading Commission (US)
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