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AGGREGATE MARKET EQUILIBRIUM: The state of equilibrium that exists in the aggregate market when real aggregate expenditures are equal to real production with no imbalances to induce changes in the price level or real production. In other words, the opposing forces of aggregate demand (the buyers) and aggregate supply (the sellers) exactly offset each other. The four macroeconomic sector (household, business, government, and foreign) buyers purchase all of the real production that they seek at the existing price level and business-sector producers sell all of the real production that they have at the existing price level. The aggregate market equilibrium actually comes in two forms: (1) long-run equilibrium, in which all three aggregated markets (product, financial, and resource) are in equilibrium and (2) short-run equilibrium, in which the product and financial markets are in equilibrium, but the resource markets are not.
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FOUR-FIRM CONCENTRATION RATIO The proportion of total output in an industry produced by the four largest firms in an industry. This is one of two common concentration ratios. The other is the eight-firm concentration ratio. Another related measure is the Herfindahl index. The four-firm concentration ratio is commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control held by the four largest firms in the industry.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction wanting to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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A thousand years before metal coins were developed, clay tablet "checks" were used as money by the Babylonians.
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"The only profit center is the customer." -- Peter Drucker, educator
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ARP
Average Revenue Product
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