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EXCESS CAPACITY: A condition that exists when monopolistic competition achieves long-run equilibrium such that production by each firm is less than minimum efficient scale. The implication of this condition is that each firm is not producing up to its fullest capacity, as would be the case under perfect competition, and thus more firms are need to produce total market output compared to perfect competition. Excess capacity results because market control means a monopolistically competitive firm faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. Long-run equilibrium is thus achieved by the tangency of the negatively-sloped demand curve and the long-run average cost curve, which results in economies to scale.
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HERFINDAHL INDEX A measure of concentration of the production in an industry calculated as the sum of the squares of market shares for each firm. This is one method of summarizing the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the concentration of market control held by the largest firms in the industry. Two other measures of industry concentration are the four-firm concentration ratio and the eight-firm concentration ratio.
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WHITE GULLIBON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store seeking to buy either a wall poster commemorating the moon landing or storage boxes for your winter clothes. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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Approximately three-fourths of the U.S. paper currency in circular contains traces of cocaine.
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"When your values are clear to you, making decisions becomes easier. " -- Roy Disney, executive
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VES
Variable Elasticity of Substitution
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