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INDUCED EXPENDITURE: An aggregate expenditure (consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports) that depends on national income or gross domestic product. These four aggregate expenditures are conveniently separated into two types, induced, which is our current topic of expenditures unrelated to national income or GDP, and autonomous expenditures, expenditures which are unrelated to national income or GDP. Induced expenditures are graphically depicted as the slope of the aggregate expenditures line, and depend in large part on the marginal propensity to consume. The induced relation between income and expenditures form the foundation of the multiplier effect triggered by changes in autonomous expenditures.
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COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE The ability to produce one good at a relatively lower opportunity cost than other goods, especially compared to production in another country. Every person or country has a comparative advantage in production of at least one good or service, even with relatively limited production technology. A related, but contrasting concept is absolute advantage. Both terms are perhaps most important to the study of international trade, but also provide insight into other exchanges.
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area seeking to buy either a rechargeable flashlight or storage boxes for your computer software CDs. Be on the lookout for small children selling products door-to-door.
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More money is spent on gardening than on any other hobby.
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"A leader is most successful when people barely know he exists. When his work is done, his aim fulfilled, his troops will feel they did it themselves. " -- Lao-Tzu, philosopher
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