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NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION: An independent agency of the U.S. Government whose main goals are: (1) to promote the progress of science, (2) to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare, and (3) to secure the national defense. The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds research and education in science and engineering through grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements in all parts of the United States. The governing board of the NSF is the National Science Board, which is composed of 24 part-time members, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The NSF was established by the National Science Foundation Act signed by President Harry S. Truman in 1950.
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STABILIZATION POLICIES Economic policies undertaken by governments to counteract business-cycle fluctuations and prevent high rates of unemployment and inflation. The two most common stabilization policies are fiscal and monetary. Stabilization policies are also termed countercyclical policies, meaning that they attempt to "counter" the natural ups and downs of business "cycles." Expansionary policies are appropriate to reduce unemployment during a contraction and contractionary policies are aimed at reducing inflation during an expansion.
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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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"Difficulties mastered are opportunities won. " -- Winston Churchill, Statesman
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BJE
Bell Journal of Economics
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