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RETURNS TO SCALE: Changes in production the occurs when all resources are proportionately increased in the long run. Returns to scale answers the question: If labor, capital, and ALL other inputs increase by 10%, does output increase by more than 10%, less than 10%, or exactly 10%? These answers indicate that returns to scale can take one of three forms: increasing returns to scale, decreasing returns to scale, and constant returns to scale.
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OLIGOPOLY, CONCENTRATION Oligopoly is a market structure that contains a small number of relatively large firms, meaning oligopoly markets tend to be concentrated. A small number of large firms account for a majority of total output. Concentration unto itself is not necessarily bad, but it often leads to inefficient behavior, such as collusion and nonprice competition. Concentration is measured in three ways--market share, concentration ratio, Herfindahl index.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale hoping to buy either a remote controlled train set or a genuine down-filled snow parka. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"Argue for your limitations, and sure enough, they're yours." -- Richard Bach
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IIA
Irrelevance of Independent Alternatives
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