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TAX PROPORTIONALITY: The proportion of income paid in taxes at different levels of income. In some taxes the proportion of income paid in taxes increases with income in other cases it decreases. And in still other cases, it remains the same. The three basic types of taxes are proportional taxes, progressive taxes, and regressive taxes. Because almost everyone would like to pay fewer taxes (and presumably have others pay more), tax proportionality is a the center of political controversy. Higher incomes prefer regressive taxes and lower incomes prefer regressive taxes.
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KINKED-DEMAND CURVE ANALYSIS An analysis using the kinked-demand curve to explain rigid prices often found with oligopoly. The kinked-demand curve contains two distinct segments--one for higher prices that is more elastic and one for lower prices that is less elastic. Key to this analysis is that the corresponding marginal revenue curve contains three segments--one associated with the more elastic segment, one associated with the less elastic segment, and one associated with the kink. A profit-maximizing firm can then equate marginal cost to a wide range of marginal revenue values along the vertical segment of the marginal revenue curve. This suggests that marginal cost must change significantly before an oligopolistic firm is inclined to change price.
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet hoping to buy either 500 feet of telephone cable or a package of 4 by 6 index cards, the ones with lines. Be on the lookout for bottles of barbeque sauce that act TOO innocent.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"The human race has only one really effective weapon and that is laughter." -- Mark Twain
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CIFCI
Cost, Insurance, Freight, Commission and Interest
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