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INJECTION: A non-consumption expenditure on gross domestic product, including investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports. Injections are combined with leakages in the injection-leakage model used to identify equilibrium aggregate output in Keynesian economics. The notion of injection is best viewed through the circular flow, in which investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports are "injected" into the main flow between output, factor payments, national income, and consumption.
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GOVERNMENT FAILURES Inefficiencies in the allocation of resources attributable to imperfections in the operation of governments. Government failures are based on the utility-maximizing behavior of politicians, voters, nonvoters, special interest groups, and government employees. The identification and analysis of government failures is central to the study of public choice and offers something of a counterbalance to government actions designed to address the inefficiencies of market failures.
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PINK FADFLY
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction wanting to buy either any book written by Isaac Asimov or a how-to book on building remote controlled airplanes. Be on the lookout for slightly overweight pizza delivery guys.
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The 1909 Lincoln penny was the first U.S. coin with the likeness of a U.S. President.
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"The purpose of learning is growth, and our minds, unlike our bodies, can continue growing as long as we live." -- Mortimer Adler
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