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LONG-RUN PRODUCTION: An analysis of the production decision made by a firm in the long run. The central feature of this long-run analysis is returns to scale, which results in the long run even though all inputs are variable. Returns to scale are reflected in the long-run average cost curve as either economies to scale or diseconomies to scale.
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE Declining long-run average cost that occurs as a firm increases all inputs and expands its scale of production. Economies of scale result from increasing returns to scale and are graphically illustrated by a negatively-sloped long-run average cost curve. Economies of scale usually occur for relatively small levels of production and are then overwhelmed by diseconomies of scale for relatively large production levels. Together, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale create a U-shaped long-run average cost curve.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs wanting to buy either a 200-foot blue garden hose or a video camera with stop action features. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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The standard "debt" notation I.O.U. does not mean "I owe you," but actually stands for "I owe unto..."
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"Posterity: you will never know how much it has cost my generation to preserve your freedom. I hope you will make good use of it. " -- John Quincy Adams, 6th U. S. president
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FRS
Federal Reserve System
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