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RULE OF CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM: A condition of consumer equilibrium and utility maximization stating that the marginal utility-price ratio for all goods are equal. This rule is a handy way of checking for consumer equilibrium and utility maximization. If the rule is not satisfied, then consumer equilibrium and utility maximization are not achieved.
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TAX WEDGE The difference between demand price and supply price that is created when a tax is imposed on a market. Placing a tax on a market disrupts what otherwise would be an equilibrium equality between demand price and supply price. A tax wedge results because the tax is included in the demand price paid by buyers but not in the supply price received by sellers. With standard demand (negative slope) and supply (positive slope) curves, the incidence of the tax (who pays) is divided between buyers and sellers.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"We may affirm absolutely that nothing great in the world has been accomplished without passion." -- Hegel
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ITO
International Trade Organization
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