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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST: The per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. In other words, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. Long-run average cost is based on economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale).
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KINKED-DEMAND CURVE ANALYSIS An analysis using the kinked-demand curve to explain rigid prices often found with oligopoly. The kinked-demand curve contains two distinct segments--one for higher prices that is more elastic and one for lower prices that is less elastic. Key to this analysis is that the corresponding marginal revenue curve contains three segments--one associated with the more elastic segment, one associated with the less elastic segment, and one associated with the kink. A profit-maximizing firm can then equate marginal cost to a wide range of marginal revenue values along the vertical segment of the marginal revenue curve. This suggests that marginal cost must change significantly before an oligopolistic firm is inclined to change price.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store looking to buy either several orange mixing bowls or clothing for your pet dog. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"The will to win is important, but the will to prepare is vital. " -- Joe Paterno, football coach
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Walrasian Equilibrium
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