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SHERMAN ACT: The first antitrust law passed in the United States in 1890 that outlawed monopoly or any attempts to monopolize a market. This was one of three major antitrust laws passed in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The other two were the Clayton Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act. The Sherman Act was successfully used to break up several noted monopolies in the early 1900s, including the Standard Oil Trust in 1911. However, it was flawed by (1) vague wording that allowed wide interpretation (especially based on political influence) and (2) the lack of an effective means of enforcement other than an extended journey through the court system. These two flaws led to the Federal Trade Commission Act and Clayton Act, both passed in 1914. Although other laws have been passed, the Sherman Act remains the cornerstone of antitrust laws in the United States.
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PRICE CEILING A legally established maximum price that is imposed on a market BELOW the price that otherwise would be achieved in equilibrium. A price ceiling is placed on a market with the goal of keeping the price low, presumably based on the notion that the equilibrium price is too high. If imposed on a competitive market free of market failures, a price ceiling creates a shortage, or excess demand.
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In 1914, Ford paid workers who were age 22 or older $5 per day -- double the average wage offered by other car factories.
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"Progress always involves risk. You can't steal second base and keep your foot on first. " -- Frederick B. Wilcox
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AACT
American Assocation of Commodity Traders
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