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BARRIER TO ENTRY: An institutional, government, technological, or economic restriction on the entry of firms into a market or industry. The four primary barriers to entry are: resource ownership, patents and copyrights, government restrictions, and start-up costs. Barriers to entry are a key reason for market control and the inefficiency that this generates. In particular, monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, and oligopsony often owe their market control to assorted barriers to entry. By way of contrast, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopsonistic competition have few if any barriers to entry and thus little or no market control.
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POLITICAL ENTREPRENEURS Election seeking politicians who undertake risks inherent in the allocation of resources made through government actions. Like business entrepreneurs, political entrepreneurs take risks and organize production. They organize production with government laws, regulations, and policies. They run the risk of failed policies and losing elections. Their utility-maximizing actions are also a prime source of government failure. Falling victim to the principal-agent problem, pursuit of their own satisfaction (winning elections) often conflicts with what is best for the rest of society.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials trying to buy either a replacement remote control for your television or a replacement nozzle for your shower. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees.
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More money is spent on gardening than on any other hobby.
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"Difficulty is the excuse history never accepts. " -- Edward R. Murrow, News broadcaster
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NEDO
National Economic Development Office
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