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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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CONSUMER SURPLUS The satisfaction that consumers obtain from a good over and above the price paid. This is the difference between the maximum demand price that buyers are willing to pay and the price that they actually pay. A related notion from the supply side of the market is producer surplus.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet hoping to buy either an AC adapter that won't fry your computer or a case for your designer sunglasses. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"The way to gain a good reputation is to endeavor to be what you desire to appear. " -- Socrates, philosopher
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NEDO
National Economic Development Office
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