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KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if the willingness to pay of those benefiting exceed the willingness to accept of those harmed. In other words, if those gains exceed those losses, or the benefits exceed the costs, then social welfare is improved and undertaking the action provides a net benefit to society. In other words, the winners can, in principle, compensate the losers for their loss, and still come out ahead. The actual compensation, however, is required. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Pareto improvement.
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AVERAGE COST The opportunity cost incurred per unit of good produced. This is calculated by dividing the cost of production by the quantity of output produced. While average cost is a general term relating cost and the quantity of output, three specific average cost terms are average total cost, average variable cost, and average fixed cost. A related cost term is marginal cost.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages wanting to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandfather or a weathervane with a cow on top. Be on the lookout for letters from the Internal Revenue Service.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"Success is going from failure to failure without a loss of enthusiasm. " -- Winston Churchill, British statesman
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NSF
National Science Foundation
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