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FACTOR DEMAND AND MARGINAL REVENUE PRODUCT: For a firm that hires the services of a factor in a perfectly competitive factor market, the factor demand curve is that portion of the marginal revenue product curve that lies below the average revenue product curve. The relation between marginal revenue product and factor demand for a perfectly competitive firm is comparable to the relation between marginal cost and short-run supply. A perfectly competitive firm maximizes profit by hiring the quantity of a factor that equates factor price and marginal revenue product. As such, the firm moves along it's marginal revenue product curve in response to alternative factor prices.
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CONCENTRATION RATIOS A family of measures of the proportion of total output in an industry that is produced by a given number of the largest firms in the industry. The two most common concentration ratios are for the four largest firms and the eight largest firms. The four-firm concentration ratio is the proportion of total output produced by the four largest firms in the industry and the eight-firm concentration ratio is proportion of total output produced by the eight largest firms in the industry. Concentration ratios are commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control of the largest firms in the industry. A related measure is the Herfindahl index.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet hoping to buy either a wall poster commemorating the moon landing or storage boxes for your winter clothes. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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A U.S. dime has 118 groves around its edge, one fewer than a U.S. quarter.
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"After climbing a great hill, one finds many more hills to climb. " -- Nelson Mandela, president of South Africa
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JEP
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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