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BUREAUCRACY: A system or rules and procedures designed to operate a complex organization. While most people look to government when the term bureaucracy arises (and make no mistake, government is not shy when it comes to complex bureaucracies), bureaucracies exist in all types of organizations -- private, public, government, business, charities, corporations, even households. The problem economists have with bureaucracies is that rigid, administrative rules often drive a wedge between action and responsibility. The clerk at the welfare counter is only following rules established by Congress. The clerk has no authority to change the rules, and Congress seldom if ever sees the consequences of their rules.
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PERFECT COMPETITION, LONG-RUN ADJUSTMENT A perfectly competitive industry undertakes a two-part adjustment to equilibrium in the long run. One is the adjustment of each perfectly competitive firm to the appropriate factory size that maximizes long-run profit. The other is the entry of firms into the industry or exit of firms out of the industry, to eliminate economic profit or economic loss. The end result of this long-run adjustment is a multi-faceted equilibrium condition that price is equal to marginal cost and average cost (both short run and long run).
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for a specialty store hoping to buy either a how-to book on wine tasting or a bookshelf that will fit in your closet. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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A thousand years before metal coins were developed, clay tablet "checks" were used as money by the Babylonians.
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"A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him. " -- David Brinkley, newsman
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JLEO
Journal of Law, Economics and Organization
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