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ENTRY BARRIER: An institutional, government, technological, or economic restriction on the entry of firms into a market or industry. The four primary barriers to entry are: resource ownership, patents and copyrights, government restrictions, and start-up costs. Barriers to entry are a key reason for market control and the inefficiency that this generates. In particular, monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, and oligopsony often owe their market control to assorted barriers to entry. By way of contrast, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopsonistic competition have few if any barriers to entry and thus little or no market control.
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FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES Paper currency issued and authorized by the Federal Reserve System and used along with Treasury coins and checkable deposits as the M1 money supply for the U.S. economy. Federal Reserve notes were first issued in 1913 and currently circulate in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. These notes underwent a major redesign to prevent counterfeiting in the 1990s.
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The first paper currency used in North America was pasteboard playing cards "temporarily" authorized as money by the colonial governor of French Canada, awaiting "real money" from France.
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"In a restless, creative business with an emphasis on experiment and development, ideas are the lifeblood." -- Richard Branson, Virgin Group founder
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PV
Present Value
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