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VARIABLE INPUT: An input whose quantity can be changed in the time period under consideration. This should be immediately compared and contrasted with fixed input. The most common example of a variable input is labor. A variable input provides the extra inputs that a firm needs to expand short-run production. In contrast, a fixed input, like capital, provides the capacity constraint in production. As larger quantities of a variable input, like labor, are added to a fixed input like capital, the variable input becomes less productive. This is, by the way, the law of diminishing marginal returns.
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE Declining long-run average cost that occurs as a firm increases all inputs and expands its scale of production. Economies of scale result from increasing returns to scale and are graphically illustrated by a negatively-sloped long-run average cost curve. Economies of scale usually occur for relatively small levels of production and are then overwhelmed by diseconomies of scale for relatively large production levels. Together, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale create a U-shaped long-run average cost curve.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius seeking to buy either a graduation present for your niece or nephew or a toaster oven that has convection cooking. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
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"Don't be afraid if things seem difficult in the beginning. That's only the initial impression. The important thing is not to retreat; you have to master yourself." -- Olga Korbut, Gymnast
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JEMS
Journal of Economics and Management Strategy
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