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PRESENT VALUE: The amount of money today that, after interest is added, would have the same value as an amount some time in the future. For example, $100 today, given a 10 percent interest rate, would have a value of $110 in one year ($100 plus $10 in interest). Conversely, $110 in one year, given a 10 percent interest rate, would be equivalent to $100 today. The process of translating a future payment into its present value, such an amount to be received when a bond reaches its date of maturity, is often termed discounting.
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OLIGOPOLY, CONCENTRATION Oligopoly is a market structure that contains a small number of relatively large firms, meaning oligopoly markets tend to be concentrated. A small number of large firms account for a majority of total output. Concentration unto itself is not necessarily bad, but it often leads to inefficient behavior, such as collusion and nonprice competition. Concentration is measured in three ways--market share, concentration ratio, Herfindahl index.
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale wanting to buy either a birthday gift for your aunt or a pair of leather sandals that won't cause blisters. Be on the lookout for a thesaurus filled with typos.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"It is part of the American character to consider nothing as desperate. " -- President Thomas Jefferson
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