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ELASTICITY ALTERNATIVES, DEMAND: The price elasticity of demand can fall into one of five categories--perfectly elastic, relatively elastic, unit elastic, relatively inelastic, and perfectly inelastic--based on the coefficient of elasticity. These five elasticity alternatives form a continuum ranging from perfectly elastic at one end to perfectly inelastic at the other. The "middle" of this continuum is occupied by unit elastic. in that the "unit" and the two "perfectly" are really borders, boundaries, and endpoints, most of the real world action involving the price elasticity of demand takes place in the two "relatively" alternatives--relatively elastic and relatively inelastic.
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SHORTAGE A condition in the market in which the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the existing price. Because buyers are unable to buy as much of the good as they want, a shortage generally causes an increase in the market price, which then acts to restore equilibrium. A shortage, which also goes by the terms excess demand and sellers' market, is one of two basic states of disequilibrium for the market. The other is surplus.
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"Believe one who has tried it. " -- Virgil, Roman poet
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BVAR Bayesian VAR (Vector Autoregression)
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