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CLOSED SHOP: An employment arrangement, usually written into a collective bargaining agreement, in which a firm is allowed to hire only labor union members. Because this gives a labor union complete control over the labor services supplied to a particular firm, it was one of the earliest methods used by labor unions to monopolized a labor market. However, closed shops were outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act passed in 1947 and has been largely supplanted by union shops.
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AUTONOMOUS CONSUMPTION Household consumption expenditures that do not depend on income or production (especially disposable income, national income, or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income do not generate changes in consumption. Autonomous consumption is best thought of as a baseline or minimum level of consumption that the household sector undertakes in the unlikely event that income falls to zero. It is measured by the intercept term of the consumption function or the consumption line. The alternative to autonomous consumption is induced consumption, which does depend on income.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel wanting to buy either a flower arrangement with daisies and carnations for your uncle or a coffee cup commemorating next Thursday. Be on the lookout for letters from the Internal Revenue Service.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Every time you win, it diminishes the fear a little bit. You never really cancel the fear of losing; you keep challenging it. " -- Arthur Ashe, tennis player
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FTC
Federal Trade Commission
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