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KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if the willingness to pay of those benefiting exceed the willingness to accept of those harmed. In other words, if those gains exceed those losses, or the benefits exceed the costs, then social welfare is improved and undertaking the action provides a net benefit to society. In other words, the winners can, in principle, compensate the losers for their loss, and still come out ahead. The actual compensation, however, is required. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Pareto improvement.
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GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACIES Relatively complex government organizations that operate according to rules and procedures to implement the programs and policies of political leaders. A bureaucracy is a complex organization that usually contains hundreds or even thousands of employees, each with different duties and responsibilities. Bureaucracies exist in all types of organizations -- private, public, government, business, charities, corporations, even households. The study of public choice indicates that government bureaucracies are one source of government inefficiency. Other sources are politicians, voters, and special interest groups.
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A scripophilist is one who collects rare stock and bond certificates, usually from extinct companies.
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"You are the only problem you will ever have and you are the only solution. Change is inevitable, personal growth is always a personal decision." -- Bob Proctor, Author and Speaker
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LRMC Long Run Marginal Cost
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