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CLOSED SHOP: An employment arrangement, usually written into a collective bargaining agreement, in which a firm is allowed to hire only labor union members. Because this gives a labor union complete control over the labor services supplied to a particular firm, it was one of the earliest methods used by labor unions to monopolized a labor market. However, closed shops were outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act passed in 1947 and has been largely supplanted by union shops.
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INCOME EFFECT The change in quantity demanded that results because a change in the demand price of a good affects real income (that is, the purchasing power of income) even though nominal income remains the same. This is one of two reasons, or effects, underlying the law of demand and the negative slope of the market demand curve. The other is the substitution effect.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads trying to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the first day of winter or a video game player. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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More money is spent on gardening than on any other hobby.
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"Nothing is a waste of time if you use the experience wisely. " -- Auguste Rodin, Sculptor
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BJE
Bell Journal of Economics
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