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DIAMOND-WATER PARADOX: The perplexing observation that water, which is more useful than diamonds, has a lower price. If price is related to utility, how can this occur? This paradox was first proposed by classical economists in the 19th century and was subsequently used as a stepping stone for developing the notion of marginal utility and the role it plays in the demand price of a good. The paradox is magically cleared up with an understanding of marginal utility and total utility. People are willing to pay a higher price for goods with greater marginal utility. As such, water which is plentiful has enormous total utility, but a low price because of a low marginal utility. Diamonds, however, have less total utility because they are less plentiful, but a high price because of a high marginal utility.
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LONG RUN, MICROECONOMICS In terms of the microeconomic analysis of production and supply, a period of time in which all inputs under the control of a firm used in the production process are variable. In the long run, labor and capital are variable inputs. The long-run analysis of production reveals the key role played by returns to scale. This is one of four production time periods used in the study of microeconomics. The other three are short run, very long run, and very short run (or market period). The long run is also a time period designation used in the macroeconomic analysis of economic growth and full employment.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling through a department store trying to buy either a New York Yankees baseball cap or a solid oak entertainment center. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"Every time you win, it diminishes the fear a little bit. You never really cancel the fear of losing; you keep challenging it. " -- Arthur Ashe, tennis player
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AV
Actual Value
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