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EXCESS CAPACITY: A condition that exists when monopolistic competition achieves long-run equilibrium such that production by each firm is less than minimum efficient scale. The implication of this condition is that each firm is not producing up to its fullest capacity, as would be the case under perfect competition, and thus more firms are need to produce total market output compared to perfect competition. Excess capacity results because market control means a monopolistically competitive firm faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. Long-run equilibrium is thus achieved by the tangency of the negatively-sloped demand curve and the long-run average cost curve, which results in economies to scale.
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DEMAND ELASTICITY AND TOTAL EXPENDITURE The notion that price-induced changes in total expenditure (price times quantity) depend on the relative price elasticity of demand. If demand is relatively elastic, then changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the opposite direction. If demand is relatively inelastic, then changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the same direction. If demand is unit elastic, then changes in price do not cause any change in total expenditure.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for rummage sales wanting to buy either a wall poster commemorating the first day of spring or a lazy Susan for you dining room table. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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Rosemary, long associated with remembrance, was worn as wreaths by students in ancient Greece during exams.
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"The way employees treat customers reflects the manner in which they're treated by management. " -- James Perkins, president, Cornell University
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JEP
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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