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INSTITUTION: An established method or way of doing something that's widely accepted throughout society. Common institutions include marriage, markets, high school football in the fall, government, and Christmas gift-giving. Institutions provide the rules and guidelines needed to carry out the day-to-day activities of our lives. Institutions provide the crucial structure of a society and the framework within which economic activity takes place. Without institution structure, anarchy would prevail. With the rules, though, come rigidities that can prevent resources from being allocated efficiently.
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AD VALOREM TAX A tax specified as a percentage of the price or value of a good, service, asset, or other activity. Ad valorem taxes tend to be broad based, imposed on activities such as income and retail sales. In fact, the two most important ad valorem taxes are income taxes and sales taxes. People pay a percentage of their incomes in income taxes or a percentage or the value of their purchases in sales taxes, regardless of the amount of time spent working or the quantities of goods purchases. An alternative is a per unit tax, with is a tax specified as a percentage of the physical quantity of a good.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club looking to buy either a T-shirt commemorating next Thursday or a birthday gift for your uncle. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"I think luck is the sense to recognize an opportunity and the ability to take advantage of it . The man who can smile at his breaks and grabs his chance gets on." -- Samuel Goldwyn, Film executive
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ISDA
International Swaps and Derivatives Association
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