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FIRST ESTATE: In past centuries, this included the religious leaders and clergy. In modern times, I like to use it in reference to politicians and government leaders who can exert a great deal of control over resources through the coercive powers of government. One historical function of the first estate is to protect the less powerful consumers, taxpayers, and workers of the third estate from the market control typically held by the business leaders of the second estate. It is not uncommon, however, for an unhealthy degree of cooperation between the first and second estates, which often ends up with the enslavement of the third estate (figuratively and literally). At times help is forthcoming from the watchdog journalist of the fourth estate--unless they too have been overtaken by the ruling elite.
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VOTING RULES The guidelines followed by groups of individuals or members of society when making collective or joint decisions that involve casting formal indications of choice (that is, votes). The five most noted voting rules are majority, super majority, unanimity, plurality, and weighted. These rules determine if a choice is or is not approved by the voting group. Voting rules are important for the study of public choice and government inefficiencies that arise in the voting process due to the median voter, logrolling, and the voting paradox.
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Woodrow Wilson's portrait adorned the $100,000 bill that was removed from circulation in 1929. Woodrow Wilson was removed from circulation in 1924.
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"Success doesn't come to you . . . you go to it " -- Marva Collins, Educator
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AAXICO
American Air Export and Import Company
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