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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE: A principle of taxation in which taxes are based on the income or resource-ownership ability of people to pay the tax. The income tax collected by our friends at the Internal Revenue Service is one of the most common taxes that seeks to abide by the ability-to-pay principle. In theory, the income tax system is set up such that people with greater incomes pay more taxes. Proportional and progressive taxes follow this ability-to-pay principle, while regressive taxes, such as sales taxes and Social Security taxes, don't.
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AVERAGE VARIABLE COST Total variable cost per unit of output, found by dividing total variable cost by the quantity of output. When compared with price (per unit revenue), average variable cost (AVC) indicates whether or not a profit-maximizing firm should shut down production in the short run. Average variable cost is one of three average cost concepts important to short-run production analysis. The other two are average total cost and average fixed cost. A related concept is marginal cost.
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RED AGGRESSERINE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for the new strip mall out on the highway seeking to buy either a revolving spice rack or a how-to book on home repairs. Be on the lookout for poorly written technical manuals.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"If you wouldn't write it and sign it, don't say it." -- Earl Wilson, Columnist
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IIPF
International Institute of Public Finance
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