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PERFECT COMPETITION, LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS: The long-run equilibrium of a perfectly competitive industry generates six specific equilibrium conditions, including: (1) economic efficiency (P = MC), (2) profit maximization (MR = MC), (3) perfect competition (MR = AR = P), (4) breakeven output (P = AR = ATC), (5) minimum production cost (MC = ATC), and (6) minimum efficient scale (MC = ATC = LRAC = LRMC).
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SAY'S LAW A principle of classical economics developed the French economist Jean-Baptiste Say that is commonly summarized as "supply creates its own demand." This law, also referred to as Say's "theory of markets" or "law of markets," indicates that the act of producing aggregate output generates a sufficient amount of aggregate income to purchase all of the output produced. This principle indicated that excess production or insufficient demand for production was unlikely to occur, at least for any extended period. When combined with flexible prices and saving-investment equality, Say's law further implied that an economy would achieve and maintain full employment of resources. This law was singled out by John Maynard Keynes in his critique of classical economics, but remains relevant in current macroeconomic analysis, reflected in the circular flow model.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors hoping to buy either a black duffle bag with velcro closures or any book written by Isaac Asimov. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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The standard "debt" notation I.O.U. does not mean "I owe you," but actually stands for "I owe unto..."
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"I know the price of success; dedication, hard work and an unremitting devotion to the things you want to see happen. " -- Frank Lloyd Wright, architect
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TIFFE
Tokyo International Financial Futures Exchange (Japan)
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