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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST: The per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. In other words, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. Long-run average cost is based on economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale).
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INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE A given proportional change in all resources in the long run results in a proportional greater change in production. Increasing returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources--labor, capital, and other inputs--by a given proportion (say 10 percent) and output increases by more than this proportion (that is more than 10 percent). This is one of three returns to scale. The other two are decreasing returns to scale and constant returns to scale.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs seeking to buy either one of those "hang in there" kitty cat posters or a velvet painting of Elvis Presley. Be on the lookout for deranged pelicans.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"The true idealist pursues what his heart says is right in a way that his head says will work. " -- Richard Nixon, 37th US president
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GMM
Generalized Method of Moments
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