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ASSUMPTIONS, KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS: The macroeconomic study of Keynesian economics relies on three key assumptions--rigid prices, effective demand, and savings-investment determinants. First, rigid or inflexible prices prevent some markets from achieving equilibrium in the short run. Second, effective demand means that consumption expenditures are based on actual income, not full employment or equilibrium income. Lastly, important savings and investment determinants include income, expectations, and other influences beyond the interest rate. These three assumptions imply that the economy can achieve a short-run equilibrium at less than full-employment production.
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SURPLUS A condition in the market in which the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied at the existing price. Because sellers are unable to sell as much of the good as they want, a surplus generally causes a decrease in the market price, which then acts to restore equilibrium. A surplus, which also goes by the terms excess supply and buyers' market, is one of two basic states of disequilibrium for the market. The other is shortage.
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The word "fiscal" is derived from a Latin word meaning "moneybag."
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"It has been my philosophy of life that difficulties vanish when faced boldly. " -- Isaac Asimov
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Quantitative Restriction
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