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PERFECT COMPETITION: An ideal market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, identical products sold by all firms, freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and perfect knowledge of prices and technology. This is one of four basic market structures. The other three are monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that's not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent benchmark that can be used to analyze real world market structures. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources.
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PLANNING HORIZON Another term for the long-run average cost curve. The long-run average cost curve is termed the planning horizon or planning curve because it provides information that a firm can use to plan factory construction and expansion in the long run.
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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"A man is not finished when he is defeated. He is finished when he quits. " -- President Richard Nixon
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AER
American Economic Review
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