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DISTRIBUTION STANDARDS: Three alternative criteria for distributing income to members of society--contributive standard, equality standard, needs standard. A basic notion in economics is that income is generated through production (circular flow). The amount of income generated each year depends on the value of goods and services produced with the economy's limited resources. But once this income is generated it must be distributed to members of society. The contributive, equality, and needs standards are the three primary criteria for distributing income.
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CONCENTRATION RATIOS A family of measures of the proportion of total output in an industry that is produced by a given number of the largest firms in the industry. The two most common concentration ratios are for the four largest firms and the eight largest firms. The four-firm concentration ratio is the proportion of total output produced by the four largest firms in the industry and the eight-firm concentration ratio is proportion of total output produced by the eight largest firms in the industry. Concentration ratios are commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control of the largest firms in the industry. A related measure is the Herfindahl index.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a crowded estate auction wanting to buy either a dozen high trajectory optic orange golf balls or a large red and white striped beach towel. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
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"Aerodynamically, the bumblebee shouldn't be able to fly, but the bumblebee doesn't know it so it goes on flying anyway. " -- Mary Kay Ash, entrepreneur
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NI
National Income, Net Income
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