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PERFECT COMPETITION: An ideal market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, identical products sold by all firms, freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and perfect knowledge of prices and technology. This is one of four basic market structures. The other three are monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that's not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent benchmark that can be used to analyze real world market structures. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources.
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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE The process of willingly trading one valuable commodity (good, service, or resource) for another. The key term is "willingly," which distinguishes voluntary exchanges from involuntary exchanges, such as those created by government taxes. Voluntary exchanges are the foundation of market transactions.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a dollar discount store hoping to buy either a wall poster commemorating the first day of winter or blue cotton balls. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"My life as a writer consists of 1/8 talent and 7/8 discipline. " -- John Irving, writer
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NBER
National Bureau of Economic Research
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