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ENDPOINT FORMULA: A simple technique for calculating the coefficient of elasticity that estimates the elasticity for discrete changes in two variables, A and B. The distinguishing characteristic of this formula is that percentage changes are calculated based on the initial values of each variable. This is much simpler than the midpoint formula, which is based on the percentage change from an average of the initial and ending values. The primary problem with the endpoint formula is that different elasticity values are obtained for price increases than for price decreases of the same segment of the demand curve.
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CONCENTRATION RATIOS A family of measures of the proportion of total output in an industry that is produced by a given number of the largest firms in the industry. The two most common concentration ratios are for the four largest firms and the eight largest firms. The four-firm concentration ratio is the proportion of total output produced by the four largest firms in the industry and the eight-firm concentration ratio is proportion of total output produced by the eight largest firms in the industry. Concentration ratios are commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control of the largest firms in the industry. A related measure is the Herfindahl index.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction seeking to buy either a computer that can play video games and burn DVDs or a black duffle bag with velcro closures. Be on the lookout for jovial bank tellers.
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The word "fiscal" is derived from a Latin word meaning "moneybag."
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"Use, do not abuse; neither abstinence nor excess ever renders man happy." -- Voltaire, philosopher
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COMECON
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
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