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KEIRETSU: A form of business structure common in Japan which involves an alliance of several businesses, each working toward the mutual success of the group. The alliance also has close ties to government. Each "independent" business owns stock in the others and shares executives and directors. Keiretsu can be either horizontally or vertically integrated. Horizontal keiretsu cluster around a major bank with business ventures in a wide variety of industries. Vertical keiretsu contain businesses in all production phases of a particular industry, from raw materials to production to marketing.
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MONEY CREATION The process in which banks increase the amount of funds in checkable deposits (and thus the M1 money supply) by using reserves to make loans. Money creation is made possible through fractional-reserve banking. Because banks keep only a fraction of deposits as reserves, extra reserves can be used to back up and create additional checkable deposits (money) that did not previously exist. Government policy makers (the Federal Reserve System) rely on the money creation process when conducting monetary policy. Money creation by banks is a modern alternative to printing paper currency.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads hoping to buy either a blue mechanical pencil or super soft, super cuddly, stuffed animals. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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A thousand years before metal coins were developed, clay tablet "checks" were used as money by the Babylonians.
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"When we do the best we can, we never know what miracle is wrought in our life or in the life of another. " -- Helen Keller, lecturer, author
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Montreal Exchange
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