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ACTUAL INVESTMENT: Investment expenditures that the business sector actual undertakes during a given time period, including both planned investment and any unplanned inventory changes. This is a critical component of Keynesian economics and the analysis of macroeconomic equilibrium, which occurs when actual investment is equal to planned investment. The difference between planned and actual investment is unplanned investment, which is inventory changes caused by a difference between aggregate expenditures and aggregate output. Should actual and planned investment differ, then aggregate expenditures are not equal to aggregate output, and the macroeconomy is not in equilibrium.
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MARKET FAILURES Imperfections in the exchange process between buyers and sellers that prevent markets from efficiently allocating scarce resources. Market failures come in four varieties -- public goods, market control, externalities, and imperfect information. Market efficiency is achieved if the value of goods produced is equal to the value of foregone production. Markets fail when this efficiency condition is not achieved. Such failures can only be corrected by government intervention.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling through a department store wanting to buy either a wall poster commemorating Thor Heyerdahl's Pacific crossing aboard the Kon-Tiki or decorative garden figurines. Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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One of the largest markets for gold in the United States is the manufacturing of class rings.
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"When we do the best we can, we never know what miracle is wrought in our life or in the life of another. " -- Helen Keller, lecturer, author
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IGARCH
Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity
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