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AD VALOREM TARIFF: A tax on imports that is specified as a percentage of the value of the good or service being taxed. This is one form of trade barrier that's intended to restrict imports into a country. Unlike nontariff barriers and quotas, which increase prices and thus revenue received by domestic producers, an 'ad valorem tariff' generates revenue for the government. For example: a 15 percent ad valorem tariff on a TV set worth $100 would pay a tariff of $15. One advantage of an ad valorem tariff is that it keeps up with changes in prices (mostly inflation).
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AGGREGATE DEMAND The total real expenditures on final goods and services produced in the domestic economy that buyers are willing and able to undertake at different price levels, during a given time period (usually a year). Aggregate demand, usually abbreviated AD, is an inverse relation between price level and aggregate expenditures. This is one half of the AS-AD (aggregate market) analysis. The other half is aggregate supply. Aggregate demand consists of four aggregate expenditures--consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports--made by the four macroeconomic sectors--household, business, government, and foreign.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs wanting to buy either a video camera with stop action features or one of those memory foam pillows. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"I not only use all the brains that I have, but all that I can borrow. " -- Woodrow Wilson, 28th US president
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OECD
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
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