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EFFECTIVE DEMAND: The notion that the actual demand for aggregate output in the macroeconomy is based on the actual income or other existing economic conditions and not on income and conditions existing in equilibrium. The idea of effective demand plays a key role in Keynesian economics and how the macroeconomy can have extended periods of unemployment. Effective demand is in direct contrast to the view underlying classical economics that demand is that existing in equilibrium.
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SHUTDOWN RULE A rule stating that a firm minimizes economic loss by producing no output in the short run if price is less than average variable cost. This is one of three short-run production alternatives facing a firm. The other two are profit maximization (if price exceeds average total cost) and loss minimization (if price is less than average total cost but greater than average variable cost).
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction hoping to buy either software that won't crash your computer or any book written by Stephan King. Be on the lookout for celebrities who speak directly to you through your television.
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Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen were the 1st Nobel Prize winners in Economics in 1969.
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"Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains. " -- Jane Ellis Hopkins, writer
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BLS
Bureau of Labor Statistics
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