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WELFARE ECONOMICS: A branch of economics that studies efficiency and the overall well-being of society based on alternative allocations of scarce resources. Welfare economics extends the microeconomic analysis of indifference curves to society as a whole. It is concerned with broad efficiency questions and criteria (Pareto efficiency and Kaldor-Hicks efficiency) as well as more specific efficiency issues (market failures, externalities, public goods).
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COMMON-PROPERTY GOODS Goods characterized by rival consumption and the inability to exclude nonpayers. Common-property goods are one of four types of goods differentiated by consumption rivalry and nonpayer excludability. The other three goods are private (rival consumption and nonpayers can be excluded), public (nonrival consumption and nonpayers cannot be excluded), and near-public (nonrival consumption and nonpayers can be excluded). Nonrival consumption and the ease of excluding of nonpayers means common-property goods cannot be efficiently exchanged through markets and are often overconsumed.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages seeking to buy either clothing for your pet dog or an ink cartridge for your printer. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf.
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
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"It is not the mountain we conquer, but ourselves. " -- Sir Edmund Hillary, Explorer
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