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PIGOUVIAN TAX: A tax on an external cost, such as pollution, designed to use market forces to achieve an efficient allocation of resources. A. C. Pigou, one of the first economists to study the market failure of externalities, is credited with developing this tax system for internalizing costs external to the market. An external cost caused by pollution, for example, can be internalized if polluters pay a tax equal to the value of the external cost.
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SURPLUS A condition in the market in which the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied at the existing price. Because sellers are unable to sell as much of the good as they want, a surplus generally causes a decrease in the market price, which then acts to restore equilibrium. A surplus, which also goes by the terms excess supply and buyers' market, is one of two basic states of disequilibrium for the market. The other is shortage.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites hoping to buy either a set of steel-belted radial snow tires or a wall poster commemorating the 2000 Presidential election. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
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"Managing intellectual assets has become the single most important task of business. " -- Thomas Stewart, author
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P/E
Price-Earnings Ratio
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