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PIGOUVIAN TAX: A tax on an external cost, such as pollution, designed to use market forces to achieve an efficient allocation of resources. A. C. Pigou, one of the first economists to study the market failure of externalities, is credited with developing this tax system for internalizing costs external to the market. An external cost caused by pollution, for example, can be internalized if polluters pay a tax equal to the value of the external cost.
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AGGREGATE DEMAND DETERMINANTS An assortment of ceteris paribus factors other than the price level that affect aggregate demand, but which are assumed constant when the aggregate demand curve is constructed. Changes in any of the aggregate demand determinants cause the aggregate demand curve to shift. The specific ceteris paribus factors are commonly grouped by the four, broad expenditure categories--consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports.
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Before 1933, the U.S. dime was legal as payment only in transactions of $10 or less.
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"When you play, play hard; when you work, don't play at all. " -- Theodore Roosevelt, 26th US president
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R&D
Research and Development
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