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DIAMOND-WATER PARADOX: The perplexing observation that water, which is more useful than diamonds, has a lower price. If price is related to utility, how can this occur? This paradox was first proposed by classical economists in the 19th century and was subsequently used as a stepping stone for developing the notion of marginal utility and the role it plays in the demand price of a good. The paradox is magically cleared up with an understanding of marginal utility and total utility. People are willing to pay a higher price for goods with greater marginal utility. As such, water which is plentiful has enormous total utility, but a low price because of a low marginal utility. Diamonds, however, have less total utility because they are less plentiful, but a high price because of a high marginal utility.
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LEAKAGES LINE A graphical representation of the relation between the level of aggregate production and one or more leakages. The three leakages (non-consumption uses of the income generated from aggregate production) are saving, taxes, and imports. The leakages line sequentially adds, or layers, each of these three uses of income depending on the number of sectors used in the analysis (two, three, or four). The slope of the leakages line depends on which if any of the uses of income are induced by aggregate production. The leakages line is combined with the injections line (containing investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports) in the Keynesian injections-leakages model.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet wanting to buy either a turbo-powered vacuum cleaner or a battery-powered, rechargeable vacuum cleaner. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Cyrus McCormick not only invented the reaper for harvesting grain, he also invented the installment payment for selling his reaper.
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"Progress begins with the belief that what is necessary is possible. " -- Norman Cousins, editor, writer
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IIPF
International Institute of Public Finance
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