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URBAN ECONOMICS: The economic study of cities and urban areas based on the consideration of space, transportation cost, and location in production and consumption decisions. Urban economics studies a wide variety of topics, how and why cities are formed, how land is used within cities, the location of one city relative to another, and the relative size of cities. A closely related area of study that focuses on economic activity in larger regions is termed regional economics.
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GOOD TYPES The economy produces four distinct types of goods based on two key characteristics -- consumption rivalry and nonpayer excludability. Consumption rivalry arises if consumption of a good by one person prevents another from also consuming. Nonpayer excludability means potential consumers who do not pay for a good can be excluded from consuming. Private goods are rival in consumption and easily subject to the exclusion of nonpayers. Public goods are nonrival in consumption and the exclusion of nonpayers is virtually impossible. Near-public goods are nonrival in consumption and easily subject to exclusion. Common-property goods are rival in consumption and not easily subject to exclusion. Private goods can be efficiently exchanged through markets. Public, near-public and common-property goods cannot, but require some degree of government involvement for efficiency.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club wanting to buy either clothing for your pet dog or an ink cartridge for your printer. Be on the lookout for mail order catalogs with hidden messages.
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North Carolina supplied all the domestic gold coined for currency by the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia until 1828.
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"Whenever an individual or a business decides that success has been attained, progress stops. " -- Thomas Watson Jr., IBM executive
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QML
Quasi-Maximum Likelihood
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