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GRESHAM'S LAW: A principle stating that bad money drives good money out of circulation. For this law to apply an economy clearly needs two types of money, one considered good and the other considered bad. Good and bad money in this context has nothing to do with the propensity to torture small animals or attempts at world domination. Good and bad are based on the official value in exchange versus value in use. Gold and silver, which were both used as money in the U.S. Economy in the 1800s, provides an illustration. Silver took on the role of "bad money" because it was relatively less value in use than gold. As such, people used silver as everyday money and stockpiled, or hoarded, gold. The silver bad money drove the gold good money out of circulation.
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AVERAGE FACTOR COST CURVE, PERFECT COMPETITION A curve that graphically represents the relation between average factor cost incurred by a perfectly competitive firm for employing an input and the quantity of input used. Because average factor cost is essentially the price of the input, the average factor cost curve is also the supply curve for the input. The average factor cost curve for a perfectly competitive firm with no market control is horizontal. The average revenue curve for a firm with market control is positively sloped.
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PINK FADFLY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a going out of business sale hoping to buy either a rechargeable battery for your cell phone or a T-shirt commemorating the 2000 Olympics. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"As the births of living creatures at first are ill-shapen, so are all innovations, which are the births of time. " -- Sir Francis Bacon, philosopher
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R&D
Research and Development
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