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OLIGOPOLISTIC BEHAVIOR: Oligopolistic industries are nothing if not diverse. Some sell identical products, others differentiated products. Some have three or four firms of nearly equal size, others have one large dominate firm (a clear industry leader) and a handful of smaller firms (that follow the leader). Whatever products they may sell, and however they may be organized, oligopolistic industries share several behavioral tendencies, including (1) interdependence, (2) rigid prices, (3) nonprice competition, (4) mergers, and (5) collusion. In other words, each oligopolistic firm keeps a close eye on the decisions made by other firms in the industry (interdependence), are reluctant to change prices (rigid prices), but instead try to attract the competitors customers using incentives other than prices (nonprice competition), and when they get tired of competing with their competitors they are inclined to cooperate either legally (mergers) or illegally (collusion).
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TAXATION PRINCIPLES Taxes are the mandatory payments made by members of society to governments to finance government operations. The study of public finance identifies several key principles of taxation -- tax effects (revenue and allocation), tax proportionality (proportional, progressive, and regressive), tax payments (benefit and ability-to-pay), tax equity (horizontal and vertical).
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet looking to buy either a small palm tree that will fit on your coffee table or several magazines on fashion design. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet." -- Aristotle, Greek philosopher
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BVAR
Bayesian VAR (Vector Autoregression)
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